{"id":26917,"date":"2026-10-03T07:27:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T01:57:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/?page_id=26917"},"modified":"2026-10-04T06:29:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T00:59:19","slug":"general-science","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/general-science\/","title":{"rendered":"General Science"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"26917\" class=\"elementor elementor-26917\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc5baac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc5baac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-800f97c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"800f97c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/%e0%ae%aa%e0%af%8a%e0%ae%a4%e0%af%81-%e0%ae%85%e0%ae%b1%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%af%e0%ae%b2%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%ae%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b4%e0%af%8d\/\">General Science \u2013 Study Materials, PYQs &amp; Practice<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9e6d3 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7b9e6d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"129623763\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1296237631\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1296237631\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1296237631\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tNature of Universe\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1296237632\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1296237632\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1296237632\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tGeneral Scientific Laws\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1296237633\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1296237633\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1296237633\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tMechanics\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1296237631\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1296237631\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-14ea6e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14ea6e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce01fa1 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ce01fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/%e0%ae%aa%e0%af%8a%e0%ae%a4%e0%af%81-%e0%ae%85%e0%ae%b1%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%af%e0%ae%b2%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%ae%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b4%e0%af%8d\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfc61b1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfc61b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nature of Universe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b06207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b06207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p><p>Worked for 13s<\/p><p>\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 tables-\u0b90\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf, \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bc7 mobile-friendly format-\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc8 Elementor Text Editor-\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 paste \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p><p>Nature of the Universe<\/p><p>TNPSC General Science | Physics<\/p><p>1. What Is the Universe?<\/p><p>The Universe includes space, time, matter, energy, and everything they contain.<\/p><p>Stars, galaxies, planets, natural satellites, gases, and dust are all parts of the Universe.<\/p><p>&#8211; The Universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old.<br \/>&#8211; The Solar System is approximately 4.6 billion years old.<br \/>&#8211; The Universe continues to expand.<\/p><p>2. Big Bang Theory<\/p><p>The Big Bang Theory is the principal scientific theory explaining the early Universe and its subsequent evolution.<\/p><p>According to this theory, the Universe was initially in an extremely hot and dense state. As it expanded and cooled, particles, atoms, stars, and galaxies formed.<\/p><p>Remember: The Big Bang does not mean that an object exploded into an already existing empty space. It is associated with the expansion of space itself.<\/p><p>Evidence Supporting the Big Bang Theory<\/p><p>&#8211; Redshift observed in the light from distant galaxies.<br \/>&#8211; Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation.<br \/>&#8211; The abundance of light elements such as hydrogen and helium in the Universe.<\/p><p>3. Galaxies<\/p><p>A galaxy is an enormous collection of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter held together by gravity.<\/p><p>Main Types of Galaxies<\/p><p>&#8211; Spiral galaxy: Has spiral arms.<br \/>&#8211; Elliptical galaxy: Has an elliptical or nearly spherical shape.<br \/>&#8211; Irregular galaxy: Has no clearly defined regular shape.<\/p><p>Our Solar System is located in the Milky Way Galaxy.<\/p><p>The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy. The Sun lies in its Orion Spur.<\/p><p>4. Stars<\/p><p>Stars are celestial bodies that produce energy through nuclear fusion within their interiors and emit light and heat.<\/p><p>&#8211; Stars consist mainly of hydrogen and helium.<br \/>&#8211; In their cores, hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium and release energy.<br \/>&#8211; This process is called nuclear fusion.<br \/>&#8211; The Sun is a star.<\/p><p>A star\u2019s colour is related to its surface temperature. Generally, blue stars are hotter than red stars.<\/p><p>Stars form within clouds of gas and dust. Their final stages depend on their mass.<\/p><p>&#8211; Stars like the Sun eventually become white dwarfs.<br \/>&#8211; Very massive stars may eventually form neutron stars or black holes.<\/p><p>5. Units Used to Measure Distances in Space<\/p><p>Since distances between celestial bodies are extremely large, special units are used to measure them.<\/p><p>Astronomical Unit<\/p><p>&#8211; Astronomical Unit (AU) is based on the average distance between Earth and the Sun.<br \/>&#8211; One AU is approximately 149.6 million kilometres.<\/p><p>Light-Year<\/p><p>&#8211; A light-year is the distance travelled by light in one year.<br \/>&#8211; One light-year is approximately 9.46 trillion kilometres.<\/p><p>Exam Point: A light-year is a unit of distance, not time.<\/p><p>The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 300,000 kilometres per second.<\/p><p>6. The Solar System<\/p><p>The Solar System consists of the Sun and all the planets, dwarf planets, natural satellites, asteroids and comets that orbit under its gravitational influence.<\/p><p>Order of Planets from the Sun<\/p><p>Mercury \u2192 Venus \u2192 Earth \u2192 Mars \u2192 Jupiter \u2192 Saturn \u2192 Uranus \u2192 Neptune<\/p><p>The Solar System contains eight planets.<\/p><p>Classification of Planets<\/p><p>Terrestrial Planets<\/p><p>&#8211; Mercury<br \/>&#8211; Venus<br \/>&#8211; Earth<br \/>&#8211; Mars<br \/>&#8211; They have solid and rocky surfaces.<\/p><p>Gas Giants<\/p><p>&#8211; Jupiter<br \/>&#8211; Saturn<br \/>&#8211; They are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium.<\/p><p>Ice Giants<\/p><p>&#8211; Uranus<br \/>&#8211; Neptune<br \/>&#8211; They contain larger proportions of substances associated with water, ammonia and methane.<\/p><p>All four outer planets\u2014Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune\u2014have rings. Saturn\u2019s rings are the most clearly visible.<\/p><p>7. Important Features of the Planets<\/p><p>Mercury<\/p><p>&#8211; Closest planet to the Sun.<br \/>&#8211; Smallest of the eight planets.<\/p><p>Venus<\/p><p>&#8211; Has the highest average surface temperature.<br \/>&#8211; Its extreme heat is mainly caused by the greenhouse effect of its dense atmosphere.<br \/>&#8211; It is known as the Morning Star and Evening Star, although it is a planet.<\/p><p>Earth<\/p><p>&#8211; Third planet from the Sun.<br \/>&#8211; The only planet on which life has been confirmed.<\/p><p>Mars<\/p><p>&#8211; Appears red because of iron oxide on its surface.<br \/>&#8211; Known as the Red Planet.<\/p><p>Jupiter<\/p><p>&#8211; Largest planet in the Solar System.<\/p><p>Saturn<\/p><p>&#8211; Known for its prominent ring system.<\/p><p>Uranus<\/p><p>&#8211; Has an extreme axial tilt.<br \/>&#8211; It rotates as though it is rolling on its side.<\/p><p>Neptune<\/p><p>&#8211; Farthest of the eight planets from the Sun.<\/p><p>Exam Point: Mercury and Venus have no natural satellites.<\/p><p>8. The Sun<\/p><p>The Sun is the nearest star to Earth. Its gravity plays a major role in the movement of bodies within the Solar System.<\/p><p>&#8211; Main elements: Hydrogen and helium.<br \/>&#8211; Energy production: Nuclear fusion.<br \/>&#8211; Average distance from Earth: Approximately 150 million kilometres.<br \/>&#8211; Time taken for sunlight to reach Earth: Approximately 8 minutes and 20 seconds.<br \/>&#8211; Photosphere temperature: Approximately 5,500\u00b0C.<br \/>&#8211; Core temperature: Approximately 15 million\u00b0C.<\/p><p>Main Layers of the Sun\u2019s Atmosphere<\/p><p>&#8211; Photosphere: The visible surface of the Sun.<br \/>&#8211; Chromosphere: The layer located above the photosphere.<br \/>&#8211; Corona: The outermost atmospheric layer of the Sun.<\/p><p>Sunspots are regions that appear dark because they are cooler than the surrounding photosphere.<\/p><p>9. Earth\u2019s Rotation and Revolution<\/p><p>Rotation<\/p><p>&#8211; Rotation means Earth spinning on its axis.<br \/>&#8211; It takes approximately 24 hours.<br \/>&#8211; It causes day and night.<br \/>&#8211; Earth rotates from west to east.<\/p><p>Revolution<\/p><p>&#8211; Revolution means Earth orbiting the Sun.<br \/>&#8211; It takes approximately 365\u00bc days.<br \/>&#8211; Together with Earth\u2019s axial tilt, revolution produces the seasons.<\/p><p>Earth\u2019s axis is tilted approximately 23.5\u00b0 from the line perpendicular to its orbital plane.<\/p><p>Exam Point: Seasons occur mainly because of Earth\u2019s axial tilt and its revolution around the Sun. Earth\u2019s changing distance from the Sun alone does not determine the seasons.<\/p><p>10. The Moon<\/p><p>The Moon is Earth\u2019s natural satellite.<\/p><p>&#8211; Its average distance from Earth is approximately 384,400 kilometres.<br \/>&#8211; The Moon has no light of its own; it reflects sunlight.<br \/>&#8211; It takes approximately 27.3 days to orbit Earth once.<br \/>&#8211; It takes approximately the same time to rotate once on its axis.<br \/>&#8211; Therefore, we generally see the same side of the Moon from Earth.<\/p><p>Phases of the Moon<\/p><p>The phases occur because we see different portions of the Moon\u2019s sunlit half as it orbits Earth.<\/p><p>The main phases include:<\/p><p>&#8211; New Moon<br \/>&#8211; Waxing phases<br \/>&#8211; Full Moon<br \/>&#8211; Waning phases<\/p><p>The interval from one New Moon to the next is approximately 29.5 days.<\/p><p>Exam Point: The phases of the Moon are not caused by Earth\u2019s shadow.<\/p><p>11. Eclipses<\/p><p>Solar Eclipse<\/p><p>&#8211; Order of celestial bodies: Sun \u2192 Moon \u2192 Earth<br \/>&#8211; The Moon is located between the Sun and Earth.<br \/>&#8211; The Moon obscures the Sun.<br \/>&#8211; A solar eclipse can occur only during a New Moon.<\/p><p>Lunar Eclipse<\/p><p>&#8211; Order of celestial bodies: Sun \u2192 Earth \u2192 Moon<br \/>&#8211; Earth is located between the Sun and the Moon.<br \/>&#8211; The Moon enters Earth\u2019s shadow.<br \/>&#8211; A lunar eclipse can occur only during a Full Moon.<\/p><p>The Moon\u2019s orbital plane is tilted approximately 5\u00b0 relative to Earth\u2019s orbital plane around the Sun.<\/p><p>Therefore, eclipses do not occur during every New Moon or Full Moon.<\/p><p>12. Asteroids<\/p><p>Asteroids are rocky or metallic bodies, smaller than planets, that orbit the Sun.<\/p><p>&#8211; Most asteroids are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.<br \/>&#8211; This region is called the Main Asteroid Belt.<br \/>&#8211; Ceres is a dwarf planet located in the Main Asteroid Belt.<\/p><p>13. Comets<\/p><p>Comets are celestial bodies made of ice, dust and rocky material that orbit the Sun.<\/p><p>When comets approach the Sun, they release gas and dust. This produces a cloud around the nucleus and forms one or more tails.<\/p><p>Main Parts of a Comet<\/p><p>&#8211; Nucleus: The solid central body.<br \/>&#8211; Coma: The surrounding cloud of gas and dust.<br \/>&#8211; Tail: Material extending away from the comet.<\/p><p>Comet tails generally extend away from the Sun.<\/p><p>In particular, the ion tail points away from the Sun because of the solar wind.<\/p><p>Exam Point: The statement that a comet\u2019s tail always trails behind its direction of motion is incorrect.<\/p><p>14. Meteoroid, Meteor and Meteorite<\/p><p>Meteoroid<\/p><p>A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic fragment travelling through space.<\/p><p>Meteor<\/p><p>A meteor is the streak of light produced when a meteoroid enters Earth\u2019s atmosphere.<\/p><p>It is commonly called a shooting star.<\/p><p>Meteorite<\/p><p>A meteorite is a fragment that survives its passage through the atmosphere and reaches Earth\u2019s surface.<\/p><p>Exam Point: A shooting star is not an actual star.<\/p><p>15. Dwarf Planets<\/p><p>For a celestial body in the Solar System to be classified as a planet, it must satisfy three main conditions:<\/p><p>1. It must orbit the Sun.<br \/>2. Its gravity must have made it nearly round.<br \/>3. It must have cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit through gravitational dominance.<\/p><p>Dwarf planets do not satisfy the third condition. They are also not natural satellites.<\/p><p>Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.<\/p><p>Five Recognised Dwarf Planets<\/p><p>&#8211; Ceres<br \/>&#8211; Pluto<br \/>&#8211; Haumea<br \/>&#8211; Makemake<br \/>&#8211; Eris<\/p><p>16. Quick Revision<\/p><p>&#8211; Approximate age of the Universe: 13.8 billion years.<br \/>&#8211; Galaxy containing our Solar System: Milky Way.<br \/>&#8211; Nearest star to Earth: Sun.<br \/>&#8211; Number of planets in the Solar System: Eight.<br \/>&#8211; Planet closest to the Sun: Mercury.<br \/>&#8211; Largest planet: Jupiter.<br \/>&#8211; Smallest planet: Mercury.<br \/>&#8211; Planet with the highest average surface temperature: Venus.<br \/>&#8211; Planet known as the Red Planet: Mars.<br \/>&#8211; Planets without natural satellites: Mercury and Venus.<br \/>&#8211; Location of the Main Asteroid Belt: Between Mars and Jupiter.<br \/>&#8211; Light-year measures: Distance.<br \/>&#8211; Cause of day and night: Earth\u2019s rotation.<br \/>&#8211; Cause of seasons: Earth\u2019s axial tilt and revolution.<br \/>&#8211; Classification of Pluto: Dwarf planet.Paste \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 Ctrl + Shift + V \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 Paste as plain text \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd unwanted table formatting \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1296237632\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1296237632\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2230862 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2230862\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1296237633\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1296237633\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09d1b68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09d1b68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>General Science \u2013 Study Materials, PYQs &amp; Practice Nature of Universe General Scientific Laws Mechanics \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 Nature of Universe Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Worked for 13s \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 tables-\u0b90\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf, \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bc7 mobile-friendly format-\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc8 Elementor Text Editor-\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_zipai_imported":false,"_zipai_import_id":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26917","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_hostinger_reach_plugin_has_subscription_block":false,"_hostinger_reach_plugin_is_elementor":false,"spectra_blocks_featured_image_url":null,"spectra_blocks_author_info":{"display_name":"rudraedu2025@gmail.com","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cc07449afa379543773d186bb6f3a2d0b74a4e13633eab650328df69e7667035?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_link":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/author\/rudraedu2025gmail-com\/","description":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26917"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27001,"href":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26917\/revisions\/27001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rudrastudies.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}